First, let's categorize them:
1. Arithmetic
2. Relational
3. Logical
4. Bitwise
5. Assignment
6. Increment
7. Miscellaneous
Arithmetic Operators
Computer programs are widely used
for mathematical calculations. We can write a computer program which can do
simple calculation like adding two numbers (2 + 3) and we can also write a
program, which can solve a complex equation like P(x) = x4 + 7x3 -
5x + 9. If you have been even a poor student, you must be aware that in first
expression 2 and 3 are operands, and + is an operator. Similar concepts exist in
Computer Programming.
Operator Description Example
+ Adds
two operands A
+ B will give 30
- Subtracts
second operand from the first A
- B will give -10
* Multiplies
both operands A
* B will give 200
/ Divides
numerator by de-numerator B
/ A will give 2
% This
gives a remainder of an integer division B
% A will give 0
Relational Operators
Consider a situation where we
create two variables and assign them some values as follows −
A = 20
B = 10
Here, it is obvious that variable A
is greater than B in values. So, we need the help of some symbols to write such
expressions which are called relational expressions. If we use C programming
language, then it will be written as follows −
(A > B)
Here, we used a symbol > and it
is called a relational operator and in their simplest form, they produce
Boolean results which means the result will be either true or false. Similarly,
a programming language provides various relational operators. The following table
lists down a few of the important relational operators available in C
programming language. Assume variable A holds 10 and
variable B holds 20, then
Operator Description Example
== Checks if the values of two
operands are equal or not,
if yes hen condition becomes
true.
(A
== B) is not true.
!= Checks if the values of two
operands are equal or not,
if values are not equal
then condition becomes true.
(A
!= B) is true.
> Checks if the value of left
operand is greater than the
value of right operand, if yes then condition
becomes true.
(A
> B) is not true.
< Checks if the value of left
operand is less than the value
of right operand, if yes
then condition becomes true.
(A
< B) is true.
>= Checks if the value of left operand
is greater than or equal
to the value of right
operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
(A
>= B) is not true.
<= Checks if the value of left
operand is less than or equal
to the value of right
operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
(A
<= B) is true.
Logical Operators
Logical operators are very
important in any programming language and they help us take decisions based on
certain conditions. Suppose we want to combine the result of two conditions,
then logical AND and OR logical operators help us in producing the final result.
The following table shows all the
logical operators supported by the C language. Assume variable A holds
1 and variable B holds 0, then −
Operator Description Example
&& Called Logical AND operator. If both
the
operands
are non-zero, then condition becomes true. (A
&& B) is false.
|| Called Logical OR Operator. If any of
the two
operands
is non-zero, then condition becomes true. (A
|| B) is true.
! Called Logical NOT Operator. Use to
reverses
the logical state of its operand. If a
condition is true then
Logical
NOT operator will make false. !(A
&& B) is true.
Bitwise Operators
These operators are very useful
and we have some tricks based on these operators. These operators convert the
given integers into binary and then perform the required operation, and give
back the result in decimal representation.
Symbol Operation Usage Explanation
& bitwise AND x & y Sets
the bit to the result if it is set in both operands.
| bitwise OR x | y Sets
the bit to the result if it is set in either operand.
^ bitwise XOR x ^ y Sets
the bit if it is set in one operand but not both
~ bitwise
NOT ~x Unary operator and has the effect of 'flipping'
bits,i.e, flips 1 to 0 and 0 to 1.
<< left shift x
<< y The left operand's
value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right
operand. It is equivalent to
multiplying x by 2y
>> right shift x >> y The left operand's value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand. It is equivalent to dividing x by 2y
Assignment
Operators:
|
Symbol |
Operation |
Usage |
Explanation |
|
= |
assignment |
x
= y |
Assigns
value from the right side operand(s)
to the left side operand. |
|
+= |
add
and assignment |
x
+= y |
Adds
the right side operand to the left side
operand and assigns the result to the
left side operand. |
|
-= |
subtract
and assignment |
x
-= y |
Subtracts
the right side operand from the
left side operand and assigns the result
to the left side operand. |
|
*= |
multiply
and assignment |
x
*= y |
Multiplies
the right side operand with the
left side operand and assigns the result
to the left side operand. |
|
/= |
divide
and assignment |
x
/= y |
Divides
the left side operand with the right
side operand and assigns the result
to the left side operand. |
|
%= |
modulus
and assignment |
x%=y |
Takes
modulus using the two operands
and assigns the result to the
left side operand. |
|
<<= |
left
shift and assignment |
x<<=y |
Shifts
the value of x by y bits towards the
left and stores the result back in x. |
|
>>= |
right
shift and assignment |
x>>=y |
Shifts
the value of x by y bits towards the right
and stores the result back in x. |
|
&= |
bitwise
AND and assignment |
x&=y |
Does
x&y and stores result back in x. |
|
|= |
bitwise
OR and assignment |
x|=y |
Does
x|y and stores result back in x |
|
^= |
bitwise
XOR and assignment |
x^=y |
Does
x^y and stores result back in x. |
Increment/Decrement
Operators:
These are unary operators.
Unary operators are the operators which require only one operand.
Symbol Operation Usage Explanation
++ Postincrement x++ Increment x by 1
after using its value
-- Postdecrement x-- Decrement
x by 1 after using its value
++ Preincrement ++x Increment x by 1
before using its value
-- Predecrement --x Decrement x by
1 before using its value
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